Mohammad hasan Jalalian Chaleshtari
Abstract
Middle Persian texts, including inscriptions, Manichaean, psalm, and Pahlavi texts, still contain many unread or misread words. Due to the many problems of the Pahlavi script, among all the Middle Persian texts, there are more ambiguities in reading and more multiplicity and variety of translations of ...
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Middle Persian texts, including inscriptions, Manichaean, psalm, and Pahlavi texts, still contain many unread or misread words. Due to the many problems of the Pahlavi script, among all the Middle Persian texts, there are more ambiguities in reading and more multiplicity and variety of translations of the Zoroastrian or Pahlavi texts. In this article, one word of Zand of Vandidad and Šāyast-nē-šāyast and three words of Bundahišn have been read and a new reading has been suggested for each of them. The solution of reading these words and similar words in Pahlavi texts, in addition to using textual evidence and linguistic issues, is to review their written form in the manuscripts and to consider various possibilities of their transliteration. Attempts have been made to make each reading in maximum conformity with the written form in the manuscripts, and in case of correction of the word and deviation from the manuscript recording, sufficient reasons whould be provided to justify the proposed reading.
Mohammad hasan Jalalian Chaleshtari
Abstract
There are some verbs in the early Persian texts in which instead of the normal verb endings, the enclitic personal pronouns are attached to the past stem; therefore they have been termed as ‘pronoun-constructed’ verbs by researchers of Persian grammar. The main usage of these verbs are optative ...
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There are some verbs in the early Persian texts in which instead of the normal verb endings, the enclitic personal pronouns are attached to the past stem; therefore they have been termed as ‘pronoun-constructed’ verbs by researchers of Persian grammar. The main usage of these verbs are optative or conditional and there are reliable evidence of 2nd person singular and plural and also 1st person plural. Although some suspicious evidence is available from other persons, one cannot be sure of their accuracy and relevance to these verbs. The only accepted explanation on the antecedent of these verbs is G. Lazard’s view that the existence of the pronoun in these constructions is related to some of the ergative verbs in Middle Persian in which instead of a pronoun preceding the past stem, the enclitic pronoun is attached to it. In this paper first the weakness of this view will be shown and then it is proposed that the enclitic pronoun has been attached through a reanalysis of the of the first person singular verbal ending as the first person enclitic pronoun. Such a reanalysis has also examples in Sogdian.
Mohammad Hasan Jalalian Chaleshtari
Abstract
Despite the few data about Mardâs in Shâhnâme, the very high attention of scholars to him and his name is indebted to the importance of his son, Zahhâk, in Iranian mythology. The lack of any information about this personality in Avesta, ambiguity of written forms of his name in ...
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Despite the few data about Mardâs in Shâhnâme, the very high attention of scholars to him and his name is indebted to the importance of his son, Zahhâk, in Iranian mythology. The lack of any information about this personality in Avesta, ambiguity of written forms of his name in Pahlavi script in middle Persian texts, multiplicity of the recorded forms in Islamic texts and also the similarity of the written and probably phonetic forms of this name in Shâhnâme and the Arabic personal name are the issues which make Mardâs and his name more and more ambiguous. In Vedic myths Zahhâkʼs equivalent is viśvarūpa. This latterʼs father, tvaṣṭṛ, is a deity. The vast mythology of this god can partly compensate our lack of information about Mardâs. In this article attempts has been made to provide a more precise view about Mardâs and his name by reviewing the data related to this person in Vedic texts on the one hand and surveying the recorded forms in middle Persian and Islamic texts and also by criticizing the previous views.
